Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's understanding of evidence and his istinbat theory

The great Islamic jurist Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, who lived in the Damascus region in the late Hijri 7th century and the first half of the Hijri 8th century, has influenced many scholars and discussions have been continuing about his place and legal views in fiqh science. In addition to those who claim that he is an absolute mujtahid, there are also those who say that he imitates his teacher Ibn Taymiyya in particular, in general, the view of the Hanbali school. In this study, we have analyzed the "shar'i evidence" required for the proof of the shar'i judgments or the proof of the alleged case in the court, and the opinion of Ibn Qayyim al-Cevziyya about the nature and condition. Also, We reviewed the principles, the principles he followed while making a judgment from the evidence in the system of fiqh method. Our research consists of an introduction and two parts. In the introduction, the importance and sources of the subject are discussed and the method followed in the research is mentioned. In the first part, the definition of the concept of "evidence", the characteristics of the evidence proving the verdict, and the shar'i evidences are divided from different angles and are defined according to Ibn al-Qayyim. According to the system of fiqh method, Ibn al-Qayyim's views on shar'i evidences such as the Book, sunnah, ijma, qiyas, the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) companions' kavli, mesâlih-i mürsele, istihsan, sedd-i zerâi', şer'u men kablenâ, and custom were examined. In the last part of the first chapter, the case of conflict between the evidences and the method followed by Ibn al-Qayyim in eliminating the conflict, and accordingly, the issues of naskh and nassa are examined. In the second part, Ibn al-Qayyim's views on the concept of istinbat, understanding the verses of the Qur`and the Sunnah with the right interpretation in accordance with the purpose of the Shari`ah was studied. In addition, his views were investigated with the general, the point, participation, the truth, the metaphor, nas, and the apparent terms as well. In this context, the meanings of the words, including logic and notion, are discussed and the views of Ibn Qayyim al-Cevziyya about the main purposes of Islamic law are examined.