The concept of tawhi̇d i̇n the theology of Ibn Al-Malahi̇mi̇

One main issue for the kalām's argument of createdness (hudūth) to prove that Allah is the creator of the universe is related with how the changes in objects take place. Bahshamiyya and Ḥusayniyya schools within Mu'tazila also focused on this issue and reached different conclusions using different methods. One of the main ideas that make Ḥusaynīs different than other schools in Mu'tazila, particularly Bahshamīs, is that they proposed that the changes in objects is not because of maʿnā, but directly because of the agent (fāʿil) himself. This issue constitutes the main divergence between Bahshamiyya and Ḥusayniyya, both of which have the concept of maʿnā in the center of their philosophy of nature. While Bahshamīs propose that the changes in the object take place because of maʿnā, Ḥusaynīs argue that the cause of the same changes are due to the agent, regardless of maʿnā.