An analysis of Afghanistan's security within the framework of internal and external dynamics (1989-2001)

The aim of this thesis is to examine internal and external factors that were affecting the security of Afghanistan between 1989 and 2001. In this study, military, political, economic and social dimensions of the security problems caused by internal and external factors with the withdrawal of the Soviet Union from Afghanistan were examined. At the same time, the military intervention of USA in Afghanistan after the September 11 attacks were also examined. In the first chapter of this study, historical development of the security concept and different theoretical perspectives will be analyzed. In the second chapter, geographical structure, history, ethnic structure and economic sources of Afghanistan will be analyzed. This chapter also examines the struggle for dominance in this region because of the geostrategic importance of the country in order to better understand the causes of instability in Afghanistan. In the third chapter, the struggle of power between Mujahid groups in the country, the emergence of the Taliban and the consequences of these developments will be analyzed. In the final chapter, the September 11 attacks and USA military intervention and also the UN Charter and NATO resolutions will be examined. In conclusion, it was concluded that in addition to the domestic factors like political, social and cultural factors, the direct interventions of foreign states, especially Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and USA, cause major security problems in Afghanistan. In addition, the legal dimension of the US military intervention and the general situation of Afghanistan after 2001 were evaluated. Keywords: Afghanistan, Security, September 11, USA Intervention