Problems experi̇enced by pri̇mary and secondary schools admi̇ni̇strators i̇n the exerci̇se and transfer of authori̇ty

As educational institutions that equip people with knowledge, the most important task falls undoubtedly upon school administrators when it comes to expected functioning and continual operation of the schools. School administrators' skills in management and exercise of authority reveals quality of the school administration. As school administrators' responsibilities expand, so do the limits of their authority. Many tasks including increased parent-school communication, and parents being instantaneously informed about their kids and about the school, inputting large amounts of information in online resources with the advent of the internet, and responding to as well as disseminating the communication received from the central office to teachers have resulted in expanding the authority of school administrators. Expansion in authority also resulted in additional work load. Administrators that are able to share their authority are expected to complete their tasks more accurately, in a shorter amount of time and under smaller amount of stress due to the decrease in their workload. Reduction in the workload of administrators will yield them more time that can be spent paying closer attention to the educational activities. Educational systems of advanced populations advance in tandem to the population in general. With changing conditions, advances in technology and changes in manpower needs, expectations of the public and governments form the educational systems have increased; with increasing expectations and changing conditions administrative authorities in various areas have emerged. Counseling first appeared as an independent course of study in the curriculum of Gazi Educational Institute Pedagogical and Special Education department in 1953-54 school year (MHE,2014). Prior to occupational counseling in 1950's or prior to the internet penetrating every aspect of our lives, we could not have talked about informing parents and students over the internet. This and many innovations like it have vested administrators with new responsibilities and authorities. These authorities have expanded beyond that which can be properly executed by a single person. In this respect, administrator's skills in executing and sharing authority have gained importance in addition to the administrative skills. While management was frequently described as making workers work by mostly exerting power and authority in the initial years of 1900's when management was started to be studied as a science, contemporary approaches accept management as motivating workers to work or increasing manpower to the highest level of performance and obtaining the highest level of efficiency from manpower (Eren, 2003). The first goal and role of every manager is to provide more and better than that whish is available in the establishment (Taymaz, 2003). Managements responsibility is to make sure the organization lives up to its goals. (Başar, 2000). Educational administration is implementing the determined policies and decisions by obtaining and efficiently utilizing the human and material resources in order to ensure the educational organizations reaches established goals. Educational administrators are responsible for managing their organizations within the framework of Turkish Ministry of Education's general goals and their organizations' special goals. According to Scheiner, society, the largest organization, provides for the needs of its members through coordination of various individuals. One of the fundamentals of organizational concept is the coordination of efforts based on the idea of mutual aid (Yucel, 2006). In short, management is the use of available human and material resources effectively in order to attain the objectives of the organization. Based on this, management in a formal organization; must ensure the organization reaches the determined goals and lives according to its goals. Human and material resources must be obtained and used effectively. Must implement the policies and decisions that are set for the organization and should ensure these are put to life. Must observe, inspect and improve operations of the organization. Basic needs in an educational environment must be satisfied in order to obtain the highest efficiency from education. Those that have the biggest responsibility in ensuring that the basic needs in the educational environment are satisfied are the school administrators. Those that experience difficulties in sharing their authorities also experience difficulties in determining and satisfying the needs of the school. Source of many of the problems that arise within schools are those that stem from sharing authority. Good management of a school will undoubtedly improve the educational quality of that school as well. General purpose of this research is to identify and offer solutions to the problems related to exercise and transfer of authority experienced by administrators of primary and middle schools in Esenyurt district of Istanbul The scope of this research is comprised of school administrators working in primary and middle schools in Esenyurt district of Istanbul in 2014-2015 school year. Data of this research has been compiled during the fall semester of 2014-2015 school year. As the means of data collection, scale form has been distributed in 30 primary and 34 middle school. "SPSS 20 for windows" has been used for the resolution of the study. It is expected that the research findings will; illuminate education management and school administrators, provide data for other researchers studying this subject, keep the subject updated so that it will be pondered and discussed upon. Additionally, a symposium titled "Authority Exercise and Authority Transfer" could be prepared by the Ministry of Education and given to school administrators under the coordination of local National Education Administrations. Keywords: Authority, School Administration, Authority Sharing