The military coup of 1960 and the military memorandum of 1971 according to the british sources

As can be seen in the title of this study, the coup of May 27, 1960 and the Military Memorandum of March 12, 1971 were discussed in the light of the British documents. The aim of focusing these two periods is to understand the reasons of these two military interventions that affect each other and how the practices of the period are shaped. In addition, the coups and the coup attempts in the last period of the Ottoman Empire in order to create a background for the two interventions, the factors in their formation and the extraordinary practices of the period which can be called as the traditional administration (örfi idare) or martial law were also included in the study. Explaining the political-military developments in the National Struggle (War of Independence) and the period of Atatürk will be also effective in understanding the main issue. When we came to the main subject of the study, we used especially British documents in describing the periods. The reason for this, the United Kingdom has followed every single affair in Turkey and held these affairs' reports due to their negative and positive relations with the Republic of Turkey from the past. Using the British documents and local resources, to explain the extent and the change of attitudes of political or military elements in the process leading to the coup and memorandum or what was influenced on the way of finalizing them is acknowledged as an important point. In such a method, the use of local sources has enabled us to see how well the British documents match the information provided. In this respect, the developments in Turkey before and after these two military interventions were presented in an analytical method. Keywords: Coup, Memorandum, 27 May 1960, 12 March 1971, Politics, Army, Martial Law, Anarchy.