Epidemiological analysis of human and animal originated mycobacterium bovis strains by spoligotyping and MİRU-VNTR methods

Zoonotic tuberculosis is a form of TB mostly caused by M. bovis. The presence of M. bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle, other domestic animals and wildlife; transmission to humans increases the likelihood of disease in humans. Consumption of unpasteurized milk is the most important source of transmission of M. bovis. Transmission is observed by inhalation of infectious aerosols from sick animals or by direct contact with sick animals. Sick cattle can transmit the agent with all body fluids. Individuals who consume undercooked meat products, as well as those who have close contact with infected cattle, are also at higher risk of contracting zoonotic TB. Human-to-human transmission has been reported, particularly among immunocompromised individuals, and is very rare. Humans may also act as a source of M. bovis in the transmission of TB infection to cattle. In our country, very little information is available on the molecular genotyping of M. bovis from humans and animals. In this study; A total of 108 M. bovis isolates (50 animals, 58 humans) were analyzed by spoligotyping and 24 loci by MIRU-VNTR method. As a result of spoligotyping studies, since all spacers of two human isolates were positive; Since no spacers were observed in each isolate of human and animal origin, it was excluded from the evaluation when creating the dendogram. When 104 isolates, 49 isolates of bovine origin and 55 isolates of human origin, were evaluated together, 8 different clusters and 30 different genotypes were observed. SIT1118/SB0989 (19.23%) seen in isolates of animal and human origin by spolygotyping was the most common genotype. Among the obtained genotypes, the M. bovis vaccine strain genotype showing the SIT482/SB0120 pattern was observed at a rate of 16.35% in human and animal isolates. SIT685/SB0288 (12.5%) genotype was another genotype detected in isolates of animal and human origin. SB1593, which was seen only in isolates of animal origin (12.5%), was not detected in isolates of human origin. SIT3529/SB0920, SB2466, SIT1185/SB0897, SB0419, SIT3710/SB1595, SB1231, SIT688/SB0129, SIT3687/SB1625 and SB2510 were other genotypes observed in this study. For the 24 locus MIRU-VNTR studies, seven human and six animal origin isolates could not obtain amplicons from PCR studies and the MIRU-VNTR test could not be performed. Isolates from which amplicon was not obtained were excluded when constructing the dendogram. 95 isolates, 51 isolates from human and 44 from cattle, were genotyped together with 24 loci MIRU-VNTR, and 9 different clusters and 55 different genotypes were observed. It was observed that 24 loci MIRU-VNTR had higher discriminatory power than cypolygotyping. In this study, when the genotypic distribution of the isolates was examined, it was determined that there was smilar genotypes between human and animal isolates in our country. Keywords: Epidemiology, Genotyping, MIRU-VNTR, Mycobacterium bovis, Spoligotyping.