Labor exploitation in human trafficking: The example of Diyarbakır province

It is known that human trafficking was referred to as slavery until the twentieth century. The concepts rebranding as human trafficking was made possible by international agreements. Human trafficking is a phenomenon that dates back to ancient times. Human trafficking can be discussed in every era. This study aims to examine the working conditions of Syrian foreigners who settled in Diyarbakır province after 2011 and whether they are subject to labor exploitation in the context of human trafficking. The aim was to measure this group's awareness of human trafficking indicators. This group is examined because they are more vulnerable, living far from their homeland and working for low wages. Economic inadequacy, limited employment opportunities, lack of qualifications, large families, and lack of manual labor and education are thought to contribute to more difficult working conditions and the likelihood of human trafficking. The study used a survey method to understand potential victims' exposure to labor exploitation and their awareness of potential victimization. The legal aspects of human trafficking, its historical process, and national legislation were examined The study analyzed survey data administered to 388 Syrian nationals under Temporary Protection, exploring the potential victims, the importance of awareness, and the potential solutions that would reduce victimization. The study explored working conditions for foreigners, labor exploitation in the context of human trafficking, and, through a literature review, attempted to achieve a meaningful holistic understanding. The findings revealed that Syrian foreigners earn low wages, generally work in unqualified jobs, earn less than the local population, work for minimum wage in companies but lack work permits, and exhibit only a small number of indicators of human trafficking