Determination of the susceptibility and biochemical mechanisms of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations, pest in apple orchards in Isparta, against some insecticides

In this study, for the first time in our country, the resistance status and resistance mechanisms of Cydia pomonella against indoxacarb, deltamethrin and emamectin benzoate were investigated. Resistance rates of the insecticides were determined by topical application bioassay method on late-stage larvae collected from Tepeli (Eğirdir), MAREM (Eğirdir), Yalvaç, Gelendost, Aksu, Gönen and Gölcük locations in Isparta province. PBO, TPP and DEM synergists were applied to MAREM and Tepeli populations whose resistance rate to the insecticides used in the study exceeded 10 times. Esterase, Glutathione S Transferase and Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase enzyme levels were determined by biochemical studies. Tepeli, MAREM, Yalvaç, Gelendost, Aksu, and Gönen populations developed 22.37, 21.9, 8.54, 4.46, 3.38, and 6.68 levels of resistance to deltametrin, 29.87, 23.1, 4.9, 8.7, 5.67, and 7.35 levels of resistance to indoxacarb, and 1.46, 2.03, 3.05, 2.12, 2.61 levels of resistance to emamectin benzoate respectively. As a result of biochemical analysis, the esterase enzyme values of Tepeli, MAREM, Yalvaç, Gelendost, Aksu and Gönen populations were 0.53, 0.61, 0.94, 0.8, 0.78 and 0.51 mOD/min/mg protein, respectively; P-450 enzyme value was determined as 0.7, 0.78, 0.53, 0.63, 0.58 and 0.59 RFU/30 min/mg protein, respectively, and GST enzyme value was determined as 0.77, 0.79, 1.03, 0.9, 0.88 and 1.29 mOD/min/mg protein, respectively. It was determined that MAREM and Tepeli populations developed moderate resistance to deltamethrin and indoxacarb, while Gelondost, Gönen, Aksu and Yalvaç populations developed low level resistance. It was determined that all populations developed low level resistance to emamectin benzoate. The activities of P-450 and esterase enzymes may play a role in the development of resistance to deltamethrin and indoxacarb in the Tepeli and MAREM populations, and also, according to the results of the molecular study conducted in the MAREM population, a kdr point mutation in sodium channels associated with deltamethrin resistance was determined.