Determination of animal welfare level in horse farms in Isparta province

This study aimed to evaluate the welfare levels of horses on farms located in Isparta using the Welfare Assessment Indicators Network (AWIN) protocol developed by the European Union. A total of 41 horses from four different farms in the region were included. Both animal-based and environment-based parameters were systematically analyzed, focusing on body condition scores, feeding practices, housing conditions, health indicators, and behavioral patterns. The findings revealed that the absence of ad libitum feeding systems and prolonged feeding intervals increased potential stress risks. Differences in housing conditions, such as ventilation quality and space per animal, highlighted the need for modernization to enhance comfort and reduce health risks. Furthermore, common health issues such as skin lesions, lameness, and respiratory problems were more prevalent in farms with lower feeding and housing standards. Behavioral analyses emphasized the necessity of improving opportunities for social interaction and species-specific behaviors. Farms employing modern feeding and housing techniques exhibited higher welfare scores across all categories. The study concluded that adopting ad libitum feeding systems, improving ventilation, and enhancing staff awareness of welfare standards are critical for advancing overall horse welfare. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on equine welfare and provides practical insights for promoting sustainable and ethical horse farming practices.