The stone artifacts of Iznik (Nicaea) Roman theater: Columned galleries and its environment

The ancient city of Nicaea, located on the shore of Askania Limne (Lake Iznik) within the borders of Bithynia, entered the Roman, Byzantine, Laskaris Period, Anatolian Seljuks and Early Ottoman rule, respectively, since the Kingdom of Bithynia, and continued to exist as an important center in this process. Most of the Roman Period ruins were under modern settlement or damaged by later civilizations, and the building that witnessed this period and still stands today is the Roman theater. The building, which constitutes one of the two examples of vaulted galleries and seating in a flat area within the borders of Anatolia, is distinguished from the other example by providing information about the history and architectural features of the construction by the Young Pliny and the use of trapezoidal vaults bearing the lower cavea. According to the correspondence between Governor Plinius and Emperor Traianus, no comprehensive studies have been carried out on the architectural features of the theater, which was under construction in the 2nd century AD, from the beginning of the excavations to the present day. The aim of this thesis is to bring the theater, which is considered as a whole with its architectural features, to the world of science with different architectural remains and stone works. In the theater, where all stone works and architecture were included in the study, the columned galleries, the stone artifacts and architectural remains around them were examined in more detail. Amorphous blocks (111), Pedestals (17), Columns (45), Corinthian capitals (9), Architrave + Frieze (49), Cornice / Geison + Sima /Geison + Sima with dentil (25), Attic Ionic Bases (7), Parapets (37), Herma/Herms (9), Cornice / Geison + Sima / Geison with Console (27), Pediments (4) the function of which could not be understood and (18) evaluated under the title of other were examined. During the studies, it was understood that the east and west galleries had two floors and were related to the building remains in the vicinity. Excavations could not be carried out because the architectural pattern around it was outside the fence surrounding the site, so the connection with the galleries was compared over analogical examples and a possible restitution proposal was emphasized.