Evaluation of the effects of bone augmentation techniques on implant success: A cross-sectional study

Dental implants are a popular and effective method used to treat edentulousim. However, alveolar bone atrophy and anatomical limitation after tooth loss may prevent implant placement. In these cases, bone augmentation methods are used for a successful and stable implant placement. The present study included a total of 130 patients receiving 764 dental implants during 2010-2019. Of the 764 implants, 400 implants were in the 1st group placed without bone augmentation, and 364 were in the 2nd group with augmentation. Bone augmentation techniques used were guided bone regeneration, ridge split, open sinus lifting, and autogenous onlay bone grafting. Gingival index, plaque index, pocket depth (mm), pink esthetic score (PES) and marginal bone loss (mm) and area (mm2) were measured. In our study, the clinical success of the implants placed with and without bone augmentation were compared. Mean probing pocket depth was higher in the augmentation group compared to the no augmentation group (P=0.003) and the mean of the PES score was higher in the no augmentation group compared to augmentation group (P=0.027). No significant differences in marjinal bone loss and bone loss area were observed between the two groups. Mean probing pocket depth was higher in the sinus augmentation group compared to the GBR group (P=0.036). PES 5 score was higher in sinus group compared to ridge split group (P=0.049). The mean of vertical marginal bone loss was higher in the ridge split group compared to the sinus group (P=0.006). There was no significant difference between augmentation groups (n=364) and no augmentation group (n=400) in implant success (P=0.654) and survival (P=0.289).