The experimental investigation of the effects of nonrezorbable biomaterials, platelet rich plazma (PRP) and guied tissue regeneration (GTR) in bone defects healing

According to the new technological developments, many new treatmentmethods and biomaterials are used to restore the bone defects. In oral andmaxillofacial region; due to malformation, infection, trauma or resection; structuraland functional reconstruction problems of bone defects are not satisfactorilydissolved and this can be faced as the most difficult problem in contemporaryreconstructive surgery. In some cases, it is inevitable to use bone grafts andbiomaterials in order to heal extensive bone defects.In this study, we investigated the osteogenetic effects of biomaterials (such ashydroxyapatite (HA), collagen membrane and platelet rich plasma) used in oral andmaxillofacial surgery. We also aimed to compare these materials in terms of foreignbody reaction, infection, fibrotic encapsulation, physical attachment, immunereaction, resorption of the bone grafts and biocompatibility.Our experimental study were performed on 65 female wistar albino rats at theage of 4 months. Five rats are used to obtain PRP, 60 rats were divided into threeequal groups. However, both left and right femurs were used in one group and studyand control samples were provided from that group. Therefore, totally 80 sampleswere acquired. Anesthesia of the rats was inducted by the intramuscularadministration of 0.1 ml Xylozin Hydrochlorid (RompunR , Bayer, Türkiye) and 0.2ml Ketamin (KetalarR, Eczacıbası, Türkiye). The right legs of the rats were shavedand cleaned with antiseptic solution. The right femurs were surgically exposed andbone defects were prepared in size of 10x3x2 mm.In first group Type-I collagen membrane was applied to left legs and defectsin right legs were left empty. In this group, control group was called ?1st studygroup? and membrane applied group was called ?2nd study group?.In the second group, which was called as ?3rd study group?, HA (Apatos R) + Type-Icollagen membrane (DenticolR) were applied to right legs. Finally, the third group4was called ?4th study group? and PRP+ HA (Apatos R) + Type-I collagen membrane(DenticolR) were applied to right legs.Rats were sacrificed in postoperative 10th, 21st, 45th and 90th days and femurswere evaluated histopathologically. Ostegonesis value, foreign body reaction,infection, fibrotic encapsulation, physical attachment, biocompatibility andresorption of the bone graft were investigated in sections. Results were analysedstatistically with Mann-Whitney U test.In conclusion, it was found that the graft materials we used in our study were havingsimilar inflammatory levels, fibrotic tissue response and excellent biocompatibilitywith no foreign body reaction. In investigation of bone graft effectiveness on bonetissue, osteogenesis was observed in 21st day and Type-I collagen membranepromoted the osteogenesis by preventing fibrotic healing. Using the graft combinedwith PRP leads a significant difference in both quality and quantity of new boneformation. The growth factor in PRP maintains a faster healing process and as aresult of this situation the osteoblastic activity begins in early phases in the basis ofbone defect.Keywords: Hydroxyapatite (HA), Type-I collagen membrane, Platelete Rich Plasma(PRP), bone defects, osteogenesis.