Clonal variation in Gölhisar seed orchard of Anatolian Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe) originated from Gölhisar-Koçaş

The aim of this study was to reveal the clonal variation in terms of male flower, female flower and cone yield and some cone and seed characteristics and to calculate some genetic parameters in Gölhisar Anatolian Black Pine seed orchard number 56 originating from Gölhisar-Koçaş. For this purpose, in the orchard divided into 3 blocks, 31 clones and a total of 279 ramets, three ramets of each clone in each block, were sampled. Tree height, diameter at breast height, branch length, crown volume, number of male petals, number of male inflorescences, number of male flowers, number of female flowers, cone weight, cone width, cone length, number of cones, seed width, seed length, wing width, wing length, number of full seeds in a cone and 1000 grain weight were measured and observed in 2018, 2019 and 2020. As a result of the evaluation of the data obtained, it was revealed that the differences observed among the 31 clones included in the experiment in terms of both growth characteristics, flowering characteristics and cone and seed characteristics were statistically significant. According to the results of observations and counts carried out for three consecutive years, 49.6% of the male flowers and 49.3% of the female flowers produced in the orchard were produced by 10 clones. In 2018, 2019 and 2020, when measurements and observations were made, no cones were produced from most of the clones in the orchard. Furthermore, according to the results of three years of measurements in the seed orchard subject to the dissertation, it was found that 79% of the seeds obtained from a cone were empty on average, while 21% were full or healthy. When the results obtained are evaluated collectively, it is concluded that the seed orchard of Gölhisar Anatolian Black Pine of Koçaş origin, which is the subject of this dissertation, should be cancelled, and a new seed orchard should be considered where seed material to be used in sowing or planting studies to be carried out in the region and similar growing environments can be produced.