The problem of evil in relation to the universality of morality and the existence of God

The subject of our study is to reveal the relationship between the problem of evil, the universality of morality, and the existence of God. The existence of evil is of great importance in terms of proving both the universality of morality and the existence of God. In the world we live in, there is a phenomenon called evil. The atheist paradigm, taking evil as a moral problem, reaches the conclusion of denying the existence of God. Can such a matter really lead someone to the denial of God? To deny or to prove the existence of God on the basis of a moral problem such as evil is indeed a significant issue. Does this problem undermine the foundations of theism, or, on the contrary, does it provide support for it? In our study, we will attempt to analyze this question and to determine whether the problem of evil constitutes evidence for the universality of morality and the existence of God. Furthermore, if the existence of evil is indeed evidence for the universality of morality and the existence of God, we will also examine whether it is sufficient to establish them. In this research, the definitions of morality and universal morality, moral theories, the definition and types of evil, approaches to the problem of evil, and, if universal evil exists, its significance with respect to the universality of morality and the existence of God will be examined in detail. This study, prepared through the documentation technique of the qualitative method, endeavors to demonstrate that the existence of universal evil can be proven and, consequently, that the existence of God can be established on this basis. However, the arguments of the problem of evil face certain dilemmas. Both David Hume and John Mackie, as well as Jean-Paul Sartre, argue that in a Godless universe, moral principles—including those concerning evil—cannot be universal. Nevertheless, they claim the non-existence of God based on the concept of evil, which can only gain rational ground if the existence of universal morality and, consequently, the existence of God are accepted. The denial of God's existence on the basis of a principle they themselves reject, and their attempt to transform their own moral understanding into an objective criterion, when analyzed propositionally, constitutes a violation of the "principle of non-contradiction."