Environmental conditions and cultivation of umbrella pinea (Pinus pinea) Kozak neighbourhood (Bergama)

Kozak, which is the area of examination is located in Central Aegean Part of Aegean Region.The field of examination occupies the borth of Bergama town and the distance from thecenter of thecity is only 20 km. The umbrella pine (Pinuspined) which can find a chance to grow in the site of Mediterranean climate is a very special plant. It is very easy to grow and the contribution to the national economy is very huge. This plant grows in temperatezone on eart hand in the Mediterranean countrie sand it is very distinguishable with its appearance.Inaddition, considered its nutritional valueand area of usage, it contribute stonational economy very much. The umbrella pine increases the profit in trading where it is grown. In thisstudy, the aim is togather information a bout the cultivationand ecological conditions of umbrella pine (Pinus pined) in Bergama- Kozak neighbour hood.The features of this plant, its optimum growing conditions and therea sons of spreading around Kozak town are researched. In the field of study, thearea that is plantedthe umbrella pine is 16.000 ha. Kozak Upland which is the biggestand the most scenicfield of Umbrella pine has an important placein geography. Allavailable conditions for umbrella pine belongs to Koakupland. Because of the climatic, geological and géomorphologie factors reside in this region, it is very easy to grow umbrella pine here.Granodiorites' spreading around this area is them ajorreason for umbrella pines. This plant which likes the soil developing on granites grow seasily. Moreover, them a intenance of it is very simple. Thank stothis, theefficiency of umbrella pines is higher than the other pines. Pinenutgets a hugesuccess in dried fruits ectoramong exported goods. Besides, processing this plantenable speople in there gion employment area.Tocompare umbrella pines with olive tree, another plant growing in Mediterranean climate, olive tree is very hard to cultivateand needs a lot of effort. There is noneedany effort when it comes to umbrella pine. Prunning is very important for umbrella pines and you don't need to pay for weeding, fertilization anddisin festation. There fore therichestvillages in Bergama arelocated in this area.Them ostim portant problem in growing umbrella pine is cones which are collected before harvest. People need collecting cones because of the ftand that decrease sefficiency. These problems should be solved by authorized people. The other problems are inadequa tead vertisement, lack of qualified personnel, education and marketing. In this region the other sources of incomegrapery, live stock farming, the processing of granite stone. In Kozak upland, people deal swith mainly live stock farming. Also, it is said that processing granite is them ostearning job in the region. The factorie sfor granite processing are situated in Terzihaliller and Yukaricuma villages. However these factories give harm to the environment. Therefore, the necessary precautions should be taken.Key Words: Umbrella Pine, ecology, Kozak Upland, Geography, Pinus pinea