Investigation of the effects of ozone and propoli̇s on healing in critical size bone defects

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ozone and propolis on bone healing in critical dimension bone defects and the effects on osteopontin and osteonectin mRNA localization and expression known to be involved in bone healing at histological and molecular level. Materials and Methods: In tis study, 56 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 350 g on an adult male rat between February 2016 and 2017 were studied at the Dicle University Health Sciences Application and Research Center. A total of 56 adult male rats, 7 in each group, were used in the study. Our study consisted of 4 groups in total; control group, topical ozone group (O), group in which topical ozone and systemic propolis were applied together (O+PO), systemic propolis group (PO). 7 rats from each group were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week, and the other 7 rats in the group at the end of the 6th week, and the removed tissues were examined histologically and immunohistochemically in fixative solution. The results were analyzed using the statistical software package SPSS 23 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – IBM®). Results were considered significant with p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval.Findings: As a result of the analyzes performed in the study, the mean values of the Rat-SPARC and Rat-OPN expression power of the control group at the 4th week were found to be 1.29. The mean value of Rat-SPARC expression power of the 6th week control group was 1.57 and the mean value of Rat-OPN expression power was 1.43. The mean value of the Rat-SPARC expression power of the ozone group at the 4th week was 2.57 and the mean of the values of the Rat-OPN expression power was 2.43. The mean value of the Rat-SPARC expression power of the 6th week ozone group was 2.86 and the mean of the Rat-OPN expression power was 2.71. The mean values of the Rat-SPARC and Rat-OPN expression power of the ozone+propolis group at the 4th week were found to be 2.29. The mean value of the Rat-SPARC and Rat-OPN expression power of the ozone+propolis group at the 6th week was found to be 2.86. The mean values of the Rat-SPARC and Rat-OPN expression power of the propolis group at the 4th week were found to be 2.43. The mean value of Rat SPARC expression power of the 6th week propolis group was 2.86 and the mean value of Rat-OPN expression power was 2.71. When the osteonectin staining intensity in the graft area of the rats sacrificed at the 4th and 6th weeks was examined in the sections stained to detect the immune reaction of osteonectin; While a low level of immune reaction was observed in the control group, moderate immune reactions were detected in the ozone, ozone+propolis and propolis applied groups. When the experimental groups, ozone applied, ozone+propolis applied and propolis applied groups were compared with the control group, it was determined that they showed a significantly increased immune reaction. When the experimental groups, ozone applied, ozone+propolis applied and propolis applied groups were compared among themselves, no statistically significant difference was found. In the sections stained to detect the osteopontin immune reaction, when the osteonectin staining intensity in the graft area of the rats sacrificed at week 4 and 6 was examined; While a low level of immune reaction was observed in the control group, a moderate immune reaction was detected in the ozone, ozone+propolis and propolis applied groups. In addition, immune reaction was detected at levels close to strong in the groups administered ozone and propolis+ozone at the 6th week. In both the 4th and 6th weeks, the experimental groups, which were ozone applied, ozone + propolis applied and propolis applied groups, showed a significantly increased immune response when compared to the control group. reactions were detected. However, when the experimental groups Ozone applied, ozone+propolis applied and propolis applied groups were compared among themselves, no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusion: According to the results obtained from our work, it was seen that ozone and propolis have positive effects on bone healing. Ozone and propolis were found to positively influence bone formation and reduce bone destruction. However, further research is needed to better understand these properties.