The phases and principles of call to Islam: Within the context of Makki surahs

When people left the divine path, it always was the main duty of prophets to invite people to the unique oneness of Allah (Tawheed). During all the history of mankind prophets spend their whole life with the responsibility of this duty. The Prophet Muhammad transformed an ignorant and barbaric (jahiliyya) society to a moral and virtuous society during his 23 years of responsibility. Not understanding the message of Islam as a whole or limiting the divine message only to a few currently popular issues caused the emergence of disputing/clashing ideas and approaches among the Muslims. Those disputing ideas and approaches especially the aggressive and dissentious ones spread the violence among Muslims and created a chaos in the Muslim world of thought. So than such aggressive approaches are the main reason of terrorism, violence and great sufferings in the Islamic world. And they can only be isolated by putting forth the right Islamic understanding from its primary sources. Divine call, the presentation of the religion of Islam to the people with all the best forms, only can be succeeded with the guidance of the basic resources of Islam. There is an enormous data in the Qur'an and the Prophet's practices regarding the methods of Islamic divine call, its phases, its style and the means will be used during this invitation. To be able to present the Islamic divine call to the society in proper way, as a something to be sought for, it is needed to know the process of revelation (nuzul), the phases of divine invitation, along with a comprehensive understanding about the principles of divine call. In our work, firstly the framework of the concepts had been set. Secondly the study, analysed the Makki surahs and verse groups, in the light of the reasons of revelation (asbab al-nuzul) for each and the life of the prophet (sirah). Upon the findings derived from these analyses it is tried to determine the phases and principles of divine invitation to all mankind from the primary sources of Islam. Finally the work revealed the principles which must be taken into consideration, the methods and the instruments that can be used by the preachers of the divine call while addressing all the human beings. Keywords: Tafsir, Makki Surahs, Divine Call, Dawah, Tabligh, The Phases of Divine Call, Principle