İran modernization in Mirza Malkum Han's risales

The Qajar dynasty is a very turbulent and vibrant period in terms of Iranian history and politics. Many common political developments that coincided with the Ottoman Empire also took place in Iran. The most important of these was the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1906, which occurred immediately after the Ottoman Empire. In our subject, the imitations of the political developments in pre-constitutional modern or Europe have occurred in Iran as well as in the Ottoman Empire. There is no doubt that Mirza Malkum Khan, who is perhaps one of the most important people in settling these intellectual currents in Iran, and his works had a great influence. In this study, information on the political, economic, educational, military and social structure of Iran, and what Malkum Khan should have in Iran and the criticisms of the period in his treatises are examined. Instead of separate sections, the current situation and problems in Iran and the ideas that Malkum Khan argued in his treatise were tried to be examined together under the same heading. The aim is to show in which stages and times of modernization in Iran Malkum Khan is trying to get involved. For this reason, the ideas in his treatises and the structure of the state were examined and divided into four sections. In the first chapter, information about the life and political personality of Malkum Khan is given. In the second part, the current administrative, political and military structure of the Qajar dynasty and the current problems are given and the innovations that Malkum Khan wants to be brought for these problems are tried to be given. In the third section, the financial structure of the state is examined and the economic structure proposed by Malkum Khan in his treatises is examined. In the IV fourth and last chapter, the personal rights and freedoms of the Qajar dynasty and their ideas about social life and education system were evaluated. Malkum Khan's ideas and ideas about modernization were examined by making use of the source works and articles written in Iran about their treatises and their interpretation as there is not enough work on the treatises of Malkum Khan