The perspectives of modern Jewish denominations on Muslims within the framework of the "Other": The case of Palestine

Religions, through their teachings and laws, guide the communities to which they address themselves. The accurate interpretation and transmission of religious doctrines and rules are of great importance both individually and socially, since any misinterpretation may lead to confusion that can persist across generations. This study examines the perspectives of modern Jewish denominations toward Muslims within the framework of the concept of the "Other," focusing particularly on the case of Palestine. The understanding of the "Other" in Judaism has developed over a long historical process, beginning with its theological foundations and extending to modern denominational interpretations. The Jewish identity, which originated with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, was reshaped through the developments following the era of Moses. This transformation influenced not only the relationship between God and the Jewish people but also that between Jews and the "Other." With the Enlightenment, Judaism entered a new phase of denominational differentiation. The Reform, Orthodox, Conservative, and Reconstructionist movements each developed distinct orientations toward the "Other" in response to the moral, theological, social, and political conditions of the modern era. This diversity has significant implications for both Jewish perceptions of Palestinian Muslims and the broader dynamics of the Israeli–Palestinian relationship. Since the late nineteenth century—and particularly after the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948—Jewish–Muslim relations have become increasingly complex and remain unresolved. In this context, the theological discourses and political reactions of modern Jewish denominations hold critical importance. The thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion. The introduction presents information regarding the subject and purpose of the thesis, its significance, method, scope, and limitations. The first chapter provides definitions of the concepts "Jew"/"Judaism" and "the Other." The second chapter outlines the perspective on the "Other" in Judaism. The third chapter offers a general overview of modern Jewish denominations and discusses their theological differences. In addition, the denominations' views of Palestinian Muslims are examined from moral, theological, and socio-political perspectives. The conclusion reveals that the denominations' attitudes toward Palestinian Muslims are shaped not only by theological differences but also by debates concerning the modern nation-state, politics, and Jewish identity.