The casaulties of Turkish People Residing in Anatolia In The Mangolian Period

The Turkey Seljuk Empire was founded by Süleymanşah in İznik in 1075. The Turkey Seljuk Empire, which gave importance to the settlement and reconstruction since it was established, experienced its most brilliant and magnificent period during the reign of Alâaddin Keykubâd I. In 1230, the Kharzemshah Empire was collapsed as a result of Yassıçemen war. With the collapse of this state, the Turkey Seljuk Empire became a border with the Mongols. As a conclusion of this neighborhood, the Mongols have always abstained from the power of the Turkey Seljuk Empire and followed them closely. Realizing the Babai revolt of 1240 which could not be suppressed, Mongols laid siege to the city of Ani and then the city of Kars under the command of Cormagon Noyan in the same year. Having plundered and looted the city and slaughtered many of the city's people, they returned to their capital, Mugan. Mongols perpetual invasion and plunder of Anatolia caused the Turkey Seljuk State to organize a military movement against the Mongols. The Turkey Seljuk Empire lost the war against the Mongols and took a heavy toll in the Kösedağ War made in 1243. Occupying Anatolia, Baycu Noyan made massacres and plundered many cities following the Kösedağ War. Baycu Noyan was not the first and the last Mongolian governor to invade Anatolia. Apart from Baycu Noyan, such noyans and ilkhans as Hülagu, Alıncak Noyan, Abaka and Geyhatu also invaded Anatolia and did not refrain from slaughtering Anatolian people and plundering many cities. As a result of the calls for assistance from Anatolia in 1277, Baybars the Mameluke Sultan arrived at the Elbistan plain and defeated much of Mongol army. Having defeated the Mongols, Baybars was welcomed by the people of Anatolia. However, the joy of the people of Anatolia ended with the departure of Baybars. When Abaka acknowledged the incidence, on raiding Anatolia, he massacred thousands of Turkmens. The Anatolian people being always together with the Turkmen chiefs against the Mongols never gave up their struggle for independence. Karamanoğulları, Germiyanoğulları, Denizli Turkmens and other Turk beys have always stood against the Mongols and prevented them from further advancing in Anatolia. The Anatolian people always fought against the Mongols, vii even when they lost their important commanders and their beys as a result of the fierce battles between the Turks and the Mongols, Having suffered from the Mongols, the Anatolian people tried hard to compensate for the damage, but during this period there was much famine in Anatolia. As a result of the increasing prices of agricultural needs caused people to die of hunger. It was not the famine that devastated the people of Anatolia but the plague that broke out in the cities resulting from the massacres of the Mongols. Therefore, some of the population surviving the Mongols lost their lives as a result of plague epidemics. From this perspective; the massacre of Mongol khans and noyans invading Anatolia, the independence struggle of Turkmens' against the Mongols and the human loss during those invasions were discussed in the study. In addition, the loss of remarkable statesmen and commanders as a result of the fights for the throne in the Turkey Seljuk Empire, the statesmen loss due to the political conflicts and finally the loss of Turkish people in Anatolia on account of the natural disasters, famines and plague epidemics throughout those years were examined in the research. Keywords: Turkey Seljuk Empire, Mongols, Ilkhans, Anatolian Population, Turkish Human Loss, XIII-XIV. centuries.