Determining the effectiveness of some biological preparates against fusarium stalk rot disease in maize

Fusarium stalk rot (FRS) disease caused by Fusarium verticillioides (= moniliforme) significantly affects the productivity of the maize (Zea mays L.) plant. An effective control can not be made due to the fact that the chemical application against this disease is limited to only seed coating and the insufficiency of fungicides. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger, Bacillus subtilis and Subhodaya company's mycorrhiza fungi (Glomus spp.) in vitro, and their efficacy against Fusarium stalk rot disease in trial in greenhouse conditions in vivo. As a result of the a study; In vitro, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis, the most effective suppressors of Fusarium verticillioides against mycelium growth, Aspergillus niger (84.92%) and Trichoderma harzianum (77.21%) 67.68%) was determined. In vivo applications, the lowest disease severity against (1-5 scale) Fusarium verticillioides was B. subtilis scale (1.25) while the highest disease severity was A. niger (2.0). Disease severity was determined as (4.50) in the control group. The highest % effect in the applications was determined in B. subtilis (83.40%) application. Secondly, mycorrhiza (Glomus spp.) (78.92%), T. harzianum (71.05%), the lowest effect was A. niger (63.40%). At the end of the experiment, in the soil and root samples, an increase in the density of spores was detected in the isolations of the biological control preparations. In mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.), Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis applications, Fusarium verticillioides in the soil has been found to reduce the number of cfu and also have significant positive effects on plant growth parameters. It has been concluded that mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.), Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus niger and Bacillus subtilis have potential against fusarium stalk rot and can be used to control pathogens in maize growing areas (P>0.05).