As an executive class in the Ottoman bureaucracy "kalemiye": The domination of kalemiye class in the XIX. century

Ottoman bureaucracy is a comprehensive statement which implicates Padishah, Grand Vizier, seyfiye (military) class which is responsible for military and administrative affairs, ilmiye (education) class which is responsible for education, judiciary and religious affairs, and the kalemiye (administrative) class which is responsible for conducting the correspondence required for administrative affairs of the state and holding land records and financial records. In this study, it is intended to examine the position of the kalemiye class in the classical bureaucracy of the Ottoman Empire and to analyze how the bureaucrats of this class came to the position of the executive of state reforms and politics in the 19th century. The study consists of three parts.In the first chapter, the concept of bureaucracy is defined in detail.The development of bureaucracy and bureaucracy theories are examined.In the second chapter, the bureaucratic structure of the Ottoman Empire was examined and the position of the kalemiye class in the Ottoman bureaucracy was analyzed. It has been tried to show how the bureaucrats, who grow up from the kalemiye class, have an effect on the Ottoman bureaucracy and political power compared to the bureaucrats originating from the ilmiye and seyfiye.In the third chapter, the dynamics which are the basis of the rise of kalemiye Bureaucrats in the XIX. Century are dwelled on. Key Words: Bureaucracy, Ottoman Bureaucracy, Kalemiye Class, Tanzimat Bureaucrats