The state and law understanding of the young Ottoman movement in the context of ottoman modernization

In the Ottoman modernization process, which took on a whole new dimension with the proclamation of the Gulhane Hatt-ı Humayunu in 1839, many reform movements of political, administrative, military and legal nature began, on the one hand, abolishing old political and military institutions. But in this process, some traditional institutions that served to limit political power could not be replaced by a new one, which created an ideological gap. This gap has resulted in the rule of the bureaucracy called "Kalemiye". The intellectual despotism established by bureaucracy was attracted the reaction of the younger generation, who had just become acquainted with many concepts such as freedom, justice, democracy, constitutionalism and parliamentarianism of Western origin. These young people, who developed themselves with Islamic knowledge and Western philosophy, established an intellectual opposition movement in order to save the Ottoman Empire from the difficult situation in both domestic and foreign politics and to put an end to the arbitrary power of the statesmen. The main goals of this movement, which calls itself the new Ottoman society, are to establish freedom and justice in the country, demanding the establishment of a parliament in which all the Ottoman people will be represented and the establishment of a constitutional order based on Sharia. In this thesis, the struggle of the Young Ottomans movement in the atmosphere of the period will be included and the political and legal ideas put forward by the Young Ottomans will be examined.