The effects of the pandemic on autism spectrum disorder

This study aims to investigate the socio-psychological development of children aged 3-6 with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research systematically explores the effects of the pandemic on the education, physical health, emotional, and psychological well-being of children with ASD, as well as the experiences of their families. The study identifies changes in the educational processes, psychological and emotional impacts, and family experiences of children with ASD during the pandemic period. Participants included 26 families with children diagnosed with ASD and 30 families with typically developing children. The pandemic negatively affected the access to education and therapy for children with ASD, increased behavioral problems, and raised anxiety levels among families. Findings highlight the various challenges experienced by children with ASD and their families during the pandemic. Disruptions in education and therapy particularly hindered children's development and posed additional difficulties for families. Moreover, it is predicted that the support needs of children with ASD and their families will increase in the post-pandemic period. Based on the study results, governments are recommended to develop supportive policies considering individuals with special needs, establish online psychosocial support groups, and enhance remote education/therapy methods during similar crises. Additionally, there is a need to prepare teaching guides focusing on priority skills and behaviors for individuals with ASD and organize special education programs for families. This study provides valuable insights to understand and mitigate the impact of the pandemic on individuals with special needs.