Investigation of immunological and biochemical parameters in gingival creviculer fluid and general saliva in patients with peri-implantiti̇s

Plaque biofilm and excessive inflammatory response of the host play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Enzymes, proteins, and cytokines are important components in the inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to examine the levels of IL-10, IL-17, RANKL, OPG, S100A8 and S100A9 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and saliva in peri-implantitis, periodontitis, health conditions, and also determine the differences between the pathogenesis of the disease. The study group consisted of 60 females and 29 males, a total of 89 people with a mean age of 46.6±14 years. According to the clinical and radiological examination results, 42 teeth and 47 implants were divided into four groups as 'Periodontitis' (n=22), 'Healthy periodontium' (n=20), 'Peri-implantitis' (n=26) and 'Peri-implant 'health' (n=21). Periodontal and peri-implant clinical parameters were measured, GCF/PICF and saliva samples were obtained from all groups. IL-10, IL-17, RANKL, OPG, S100A8 and S100A9 levels in DOS/PIOS and saliva samples were measured with appropriate ELISA kits. IL-10 levels in GCF/PICF were found to be significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the peri-implantitis group. IL-17 levels in GCF/PICF were found to be significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group compared to all groups. RANKL levels in GCF/PICF were significantly higher in the peri-implantitis group than in the healthy periodontium. IL-17 levels in saliva were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than in the healthy periodontium. RANKL levels in saliva were observed to be significantly higher in the peri-implant health group than in the healthy periodontium. S100A8 and S100A9 levels in saliva were higher in the healthy periodontium group than in the peri-implant health status. As a result of this study, it is shown that IL-17 is a strong indicator in the distinction between healthy and diseased peri-implant tissues, and IL-10 is one of the effective factors in the emergence of this result. In addition, salivary RANKL suggests that S100A8 and S100A9 may be important in determining the differences in peri-implant health status and disease risk and immuno-inflammatory response in healthy periodontium.