Power sharing lebanon, Iraq and Syria comparison study

With the beginning of 20th century, countries have emerged in the region whose people have not had an opinion in their emergence and have not chosen to separate from their mother country (Ottoman Caliphate) and also haven't chosen the borders as they have been known today. Moreover, the peoples of these countries have had no choice with the political systems that have governed them to this day. The peoples of these countries have suffered from the rule of dictatorships, the prohibition of freedoms, prisons, and executions. All of this was in the milieu of economic backwardness, political isolation and military defeats. With the end of the first decade of 21st century and the spread of communications, the peoples of Arab countries have become connected to the world and the economic, social and political situation has become unbearable, for that Tunisia has revolutionized to depose the president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on January, 2011. The revolutions of Arab Spring have continued to reach Egypt followed by Libya and Yemen and all of them have deposed their dictator presidents. Then this spring reached to Syria on March 15, 2011, but this time it has failed and could not remove the dictatorship from Syria and Bashar Assad, who inherited the position from his father is still the president and fighting the war of No victor and No vanquished. Until March 14, 2018, the number of people killed in this revolution has reached more than 300,000 since 15 March 2011, most of them are civilians, children and women. Half of Syria's population have left their homes, around 7 million are abroad. Turkey has hosted about 3.5 million of them. In July 2017, World Bank has estimated the cost of conflict losses at 226 billion $ (183 billion €), 4 times the pre-conflict GDP (gross domestic product). With all the above, neither Syrian regime has been able to eliminate the revolutionaries nor the revolutionaries, in all their political, military and civilian forms, regardless of the reasons have been able to overcome the regime and depose the president. But the surest thing is that there are gaps of confidence have arisen among the components of Syrian people, between Kurds and Arabs, Sunnis and Alawites (the sect of President Bashar al-Assad), and between Sunni (the majority of Syrian people) and Christians (the most effective minority in Syrian scene). These gaps have turned into a real confidence crisis that needs an effective political system to solve it. At this time, the international community has agreed that the political solution in Syria is the only way after the failure of the military one by both sides. One of the proposals of the political solution is Power-Sharing form among all active parties in Syrian scene. Syria was not the first country in which Power-Sharing Form has been proposed to resolve the political crises, The international system, led by Western countries has established Power-Sharing Form, firstly in Lebanese Republic when it has been separated from Syria and declared as an independent republic. However, Lebanon experienced major political crises and a devastating civil war lasted for 16 years and did not enjoy long periods of stability. Then the west, in 2003, has imposed Power-Sharing in Iraq at the time of US invasion in 2003 and the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, who ruled Iraq with an unjust dictatorship and the one- party rule for decades. But once again we see a model of political disorder and a deepening of the division between the components of Iraqi people, and increasing the ethnicity and sectarianism which may not have existed before the adopting of Power-Sharing. The question raised in this research is why did not Power-Sharing Form help building the confidence among the various active components and how much was this form active in establishing the stability and achieving growth in Lebanon? And was Power-Sharing in Iraq an appropriate alternative to the dictatorship to turn Iraq into a democracy that achieves security, stability, the rule of law and growth in it? Another question is: What is the best form of Power-Sharing that allows Syria to achieve the political stability? This stability, which will lead Syria to move from dictatorship to democracy and from the one-party rule to the sharing of power and from political, economic and social disorders to the stability that leads to the growth? This study trying to extract the most effective form, which could have a role in the success in Syria as a political solution to Syrian case.