Investigation of the effect of boron salts on genetically stable in vitro propagation by relikt-endemic medical-aromatic Liquidambar orientalis Miller's meristem culture method

Anatolian Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Miller), belonging to the Altinigaceae family, is a relict-endemic, medicinal aromatic plant that grows in wet areas, especially in stream beds and marshes. Anatolian Sweetgum, which grows as a natural plantation only in the south-west of Turkey, especially in the province of Muğla, has been of interest since ancient times. The continuity of this plant, which is extremely important especially for the Muğla region, is in danger due to the destruction of water resources and uncontrolled agricultural practices. Due to the fact that it is usually propagated by seeds, clonal production of Liquidambar orientalis plant should be preferred more in order to minimize the losses that may occur in the characteristic properties of the parent material as a result of generative propagation. In this thesis, the effects of boron salts on the genetically stable in vitro propagation of Liquidambar orientalis (Anatolian Sweetgum) that a relict-endemic plant species by meristem culture method, were investigated. Seeds collected from the natural distribution areas of the Anatolian Sweetgum (L. orientalis) population were successfully germinated in WPM nutrient medium after successful surface sterilization and in vitro culture was successfully started. Micro-sprouts developed after seed germination were subcultured at regular intervals of 6-8 months to obtain a sufficient number of micro-sprouts that could be used in basic boron salt applications. Three clones of the best growing plant were selected and 4 different boron salts were applied at different concentrations. After meristematic development, a total of 37 DNA samples were isolated from each sample of 4 different boron salts, 1, 3 and 5 mg/l doses of each boron salt, and the control group to which no salt was administered. After the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) performed with 10 different ISSR primers, using successfully isolated DNAs as templates, 5 ISSR primers with the highest band profile were selected. The products obtained after PCR using these five primers were visualized in a UV transilluminator gel imaging device after staining with ethidium bromide. The data obtained as a result of 1/0 scoring of the displayed band profiles were analyzed. In our study, four different boron salt (boric acid, sodium perborate, sodium metaborate and dysodium octoborat) were used as a borne microelement source in three different concentrations, compared with the control group, while an increase in the number of body in 3mg/l boric acid and 5mg/l sodium perborate applications, 5mg/l Disodium octaborate application has also been found to have an effect on body elongation. In the ISSR PCR reaction analyzes performed using DNAs from the in vitro regeneration of the Anatolian Sweetgum plants used as the source of the Meristem tissues after in vitro regeneration, after the application of 5mg/l Disodium octaborate is the lowest (30.77%), application after the application of 1 mg/l boric acid at the highest (49.45%) polymorphism rates was determined