Sin Shamash duality and it's reflection on the religions

daha sonra This dissertation titled "Sin Shamash Duality and Its Reflection in Religions" consists of four chapters with an introduction. In the introductory part, the general framework, the purpose and scope of the dissertation, as well as the ethnic structure of the Mesopotamian region and the gods worshipped in the region are discussed. In this chapter, the place and importance of Sin and Shamash in the Mesopotamian pantheon of gods is discussed and the studies on these two deities are briefly analysed. It is discussed that the studies on Sin and Shamash are isolated and that the dual structure between them has not been the subject of any special study. In the first chapter, issues such as the general characteristics of Sin and Shamash, their position in the pantheon of gods and their duties are analysed. The sources on these two are classified under the archaeological and biblical data and their nature is methodologically evaluated in the light of the information obtained. The development of Sin and Shamash in Mesopotamia and how they were named in different societies over time have been tried to be clarified. In the second chapter, traces of a dual structure between Sin and Shamash, whose nature has been determined and analysed in general terms, have been traced. In this context, the dual structure between them is analysed from two different perspectives: universal and temporal. The dual structure in question has been revealed through both archaeological and biblical evidence. A brief comparison has been made with other beliefs popular in Mesopotamia on the basis of their similar aspects. In the last part of the dissertation, the possible reflections of Sin and Shamash among the religions born in Mesopotamia, especially in monotheistic religions, are identified. The biblical sources that directly refer to these two as gods have been identified and categorised. The role of Shamash in the solarisation of the god Yahweh in Judaism is discussed and the traces of the moon cult are evaluated. The practices of the cults of Sin and Shamash and the reasons for the use of certain objects in the temple are also discussed in this context. In addition to Judaism, the influence and reflections of the moon and sun gods in Christianity and Sabianism have been analysed and their relationship with Sin and Shamash has been evaluated. In these three religions, not only the individual effects of Sin and Shamash have been analysed, but also the issue of whether the dual structure between them has a direct effect has been discussed. In this context, a separate section has been created for Judaism and Christianity, where a direct reflection can be observed, but Islam has been excluded from this section since it only refers to pre-Islamic religions and beliefs. Babylonianism has also been evaluated under a separate heading due to its presence in Islamic sources and the fact that it constitutes a direct dual structure. In the last part of the thesis, a general evaluation has been made that there is a complementary dual structure between Sin and Shamash and its reflections have been determined in Judaism, Christianity and Sabianism.