Political, administrative, economic, social and cultural perspective of Sassanian State

The Sassanid state, established by Erdeshir I in the year of 226 A.D., has an important position in terms of the World Civilization history. Many of today's modern states have administrative institutions, the foundations of which were laid during this period. The political, the economic and the social structure, whereupon the Sassanid State relied, has been continued by the states coming after it much the same. The Sassanid state had a social structure, the source of which was the public and seriously functioning state institutions. Thanks to its institutional structure, it had a more modern form of government compared to the many states who were its contemporary. With a closer examination, it will be seen that the Sassanid state, although the last word was of the ruler, was a kind of a state with a constitution, partly based on the principle of separation of powers.In this study we tried to reveal the main elements the Sassanid State had in general sense, by examining it in five main headings in terms of political, administrative, economic, social and cultural aspects. In the first section we focused on the political history beginning from its foundation until its fall. In the second section, by giving examples, we explained the institutions of the state, the officials working there and the functioning of these institutions, and which areas and how did it affected the times coming after it. In the third section we explained the economic structure of the state, agriculture, trade, industry by industry-based explanations and gave information regarding the taxes and land system, monetary policies, and mining industry. In the fourth section along with the social classes, we underlined by the Sassanid social structure and the religions in the Sassanid society by examining them. And in the fifth section we tried to underline the artistic aspect and the lifestyle of its people, by considering the cultural structure of the Sassanid State in terms of literal, philosophical, architectural and scientific aspects.