Evaluation of physical fitness in older ADULTS with cognitive impairment risk according to the standardized mini mental status test

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the physical fitness levels of individuals with and without the risk of cognitive impairment. The 118 sedentary individuals (76 females, 42 males) aged between 65-85 years were included in the study. Individuals participating in the study were divided into two groups according to the Standardized Mini Mental State Test (SMMDT). Individuals who have of 18-23 points from SMMDT were grouped as risk of cognitive impairment (n=59); individuals who have 24-30 points were grouped as without the risk of cognitive impairment. Descriptive and clinical characteristics of the individuals were recorded. Physical activity level was assessed with the International Physical Activity Scale-short form, physical fitness level was evaluated using the Senior Fitness Test protocol developed for the elderly, and static and dynamic balance was assessed with the Berg Balance Scale. The age, gender, and physical characteristics of the individuals were similar (p>0.05). The presence of chronic diseases, especially diabetes and hypertension, and the use of drugs were found to be higher in the elderly with a risk of cognitive impairment (p<0.05). It was observed that the level of physical activity was lower in elderly individuals with a risk of cognitive impairment (p<0.05). It was determined that the sub-parameters of the Senior Fitness Test, chair stand, arm curl, 2-min step test, chair sit and reach and back scratch tests were lower in the group with the risk of cognitive impairment compared to the control group (p<0.05). The 8-foot up-and-go test values were found to be higher in individuals at risk of cognitive impairment (p<0.05). It was observed that the level of balance evaluated with the Berg Balance Scale was more negatively affected in individuals at risk of cognitive impairment (p<0.05). As a result; it was found that physical fitness and balance were lower in individuals at risk of cognitive impairment compared to individuals who were not cognitively affected. We think that cognition has a negative effect on physical fitness in elderly individuals and physiotherapy programs should be planned in order to evaluate and increase physical fitness in these individuals. Keywords: Physical Fitness, Geriatrics, Cognitive Function, Aging