Failure of sustainable development, criticism on sustainable development and alternative approaches to the perception of environment

While living in harmony with nature until the industrial revolution, it was observed that with the industrial production and consumption society formed after the industrial revolution, human beings began to dominate the nature more and the damages to nature increased. As ecological problems have reached a level that cannot be ignored, solutions to these problems have also gained diversity with different perspectives. As one of these solutions, sustainable development is presented as the product of the prevailing economic paradigm. Sustainable development; that both economic development can continue and the ecological system can be protected; It argues that the conflict between environment and development will be eliminated. In this context, the study has three objectives. The first is to investigate whether sustainable development addresses the ecological problems that arise alongside economic development. In the second stage, it is aimed to explain which of the sustainable development targets put forward by international institutions which are successful and unsuccessful, and to evaluate the criticisms about sustainable development by investigating the causes of the failure, if any. In the last section, alternative solutions to prevent existing ecological problems are given. The study is expected to benefit from the books and articles of national and international authors and the data and reports published by national and international organizations, and will contribute to the literature in terms of developing alternative ecological approaches. Key words: Sustainable development, Climate change, Poverty