Retrospective study of risk factors in temporomandibular disorders

The purpose of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of the risk factos for TMD. This study consisted of patients who initialy arrived at the Orofacial Pain Clinic, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry during the years January 2014-December 2016. The final study population included 944 patient, when the inclusion and exclusion criterias are followed. The patients who are aged between 11 to 90 years (mean age 36.42±14.19) completed a form about their anamnestic information before the clinical examination. The diagnosis were made by one dentist who is an expert in temporomandibular disorders using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). All the data about sign and symptoms, age, gender, ortodontic treatment history, trauma history, presence of tongue scallope and facets, occlusal features, joint sounds, diagnosis are collected statistically compared. All statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22 (IBM SPSS, Türkiye) program. During the evaluation of the study data, along with the descriptive statistical methods (mean, standart deviation, frequency), parameters with normal distribution for the comparison of quantitative data were evaluated using Kruskal Wallis test. Parameters between the groups are compared by Mann Whitney U test. The qualitative data were evaluated by using Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. There were no significant correlation between diagnosis and the joint sound when the patients with a trauma and orthodontic treatment history compared to the patients without any history. The patients with clinical signs of 'facets' and 'tongue scallope' showed significantly higher diagnose rate of MPD. The disk deplacement without reduction is significantly higher in patients with an occlusion class 2, where there were no positive correlation between the occlusal features; deepbite, overjet, cross-bite, open-bite, edge to edge to the diagnoses and the joint sounds. Symptoms which are mostly reported by the patients are; joint sounds, jaw pain, ear fullness/tinnitus, head/neck ache repectively and the muscle which is most sensitive to palpation found to be lateral pterygoid.