The principle of justice for the Mutazilah and the Asharia

Less than a century after the advent of Islam, various schools of creed emerged due to the encounter of Muslims with different nations and members of religion. Mu'tazila and Ash'ari sect are two different theological groups with the most opposing views in the field of Islamic Theology. The Ash'arites, against the Mu'tazila, who put the mind ahead of the religious texts, positioned the texts before the mind and interpreted the theological issues to the extent of the information presented by the narration. Mutezile, on the other hand, came to the fore with his rational interpretation. This is clearly seen in the meaning and formation of the five principles that express their kalam system. Among them, justice is the principle of Mu'tazila that regulates the relationship between God and man. The issues related to this principle, which concerns the responsibility of man and, accordingly, the imagination of God, were also interpreted by the Ash'arites, and various disagreements emerged on these issues. In this thesis, these conflicts are discussed comparatively. In this study, the subject of divine justice, which is one of the main conflicts between the two sects, has been examined. Since divine justice, a subject that has not been dealt with in this format until now, occupies a very central position in the Mu'tezile sect, will in the science of Kalam has been associated with other issues such as human freedom, promise and promise. Likewise, the Jabriye sect, which ignores the human will when appropriate, is also emphasized in the study. For, parallel thoughts to Jabriye were also seen in the Ashari sect on the subject of human will. However, the main result obtained in this study, in which Ash'aris and Mu'tzile are handled comparatively, is that the Ash'ari theological school based the principle of justice in the context of divine will, power and creation, while Mu'tezile interprets it on the basis of human responsibility.