Determination of the relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Aslan B. Determination of the Relationship Between Sleep Quality and Nutritional Status in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Baskent University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Master Degree Thesis, 2019. Sleep has an important role in the regulation of endocrine functions and glucose metabolism. Studies have shown that the duration and quality of sleep, as well as nutrition, may affect blood glucose values in individuals with Type 1 diabetes. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and nutritional status in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes. The study was conducted on 76 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes between 10-19 years old who consulted Erciyes University Mustafa Eraslan and Fevzi Mercan Children's Hospital Pediatrics Endocrinology Polyclinic between November and February in 2019. Personal characteristics, nutrition and sleep habits of individuals were determined using face-to-face interview method. In order to determine daily energy and nutrient intake, 3-day nutrient intake was recorded and physical activity status was determined. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were applied to individuals. In addition, anthropometric measurements were taken and biochemical findings were analyzed. 33 of the patients with type 1 diabetes are girls (43.4%) and 43 are males (56.6%). The mean duration of diabetes was 4.92 ± 3.55 years. Energy, carbohydrate and fat intakes of adolescents are below the recommendations of Turkey Nutrition Guide 2015, while the protein intake of adolescents is above the recommendations. 59.2% of the individuals had good sleep quality and 40.8% had poor sleep quality. It was also found that adolescents with poor sleep quality consumed higher amounts of fat than those with good sleep quality (p>0.05). It was found that adolescents with Type 1 diabetes who had good sleep quality were sleeping longer and fell asleep in less time than those with poor sleep quality (p<0.05). All individuals using insulin pumps, and 81.8% of the individuals who made a carbohydrate count, have good sleep quality. HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and blood glucose levels of adolescents with good sleep quality were lower than adolescents with poor sleep quality (p>005). The significant negative correlation was found between diabetes age and PSQI score (p<0.05). The significant negative correlation were found between sleep duration and waist circumference, neck circumference, HbA1c level, basal metabolic rate, physical activity factor and daily energy expenditure (p<0.05). As a result, sleep duration in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes may affect HbA1c and lead to impaired glycemic control. In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, sleep duration and quality should also be considered, as well as nutrition and insulin therapy.