The first schism movement in the history of Turkish democracy, United Forces Front - Fatherland Front

The Democratic Party (DP) came to power with the support of the people against the Republican People's Party (RPP) in the 1950 elections. But over time, it began to lose public support with the emergence of economic problems such as inflation and unemployment. Its repressive policies, especially towards the press, justice and universities, have seen a great reaction. The repressive leadership of the DP pushed the opposition to act together, a process began that led to a schism in the history of Turkish democracy. Opposition parties such as the RPP, the Freedom Party, the Republican National Party and the Peasant Party of Turkey had gone on the path of unity. The policy of cooperation followed by opposition parties eventually found support from the public, which worried DP leaders. The Union of Forces policy followed by the opposition parties has received support from the public over time. They organized joint trips to various regions of Anatolia. But the fact that many undesirable events, especially the events of Uşak and Çanakkale, occurred during the trips of the force, caused the reaction of the opposition. DP realized the ineffectiveness of its hardline policy and established the Homeland front on the initiative of Prime Minister Adnan Menderes in response to the movement of unity of power. So he tried to regain public support. But the politics of schism polarized the people, and the tension in the country continued to increase. DP had not been able to prevent the negative views and increasing student incidents during the power trips. The policy of schism, followed by the DP to maintain its power and the opposition to be in power, brought about the end of the DP. On May 27, 1960, the government was confiscated by military intervention on the grounds that the atmosphere of turmoil within the country had ended. Thus, the first coup of the Republican period took place, ending the 10-year power of the DP. In this thesis, the first schism in the history of Turkish democracy in the form of United Forces Front - Fatherland Front were examined. During the period of DP power, the events of the separation of the people into two poles and the effects of front-line politics on the process leading to the 1960 military coup were focused on. KEYWORDS: Democratic Party, Republican People's Party, United Forces Front, Fatherland Front, Policy of Schism.