Identification of the problems encountered by climate and environmental migrants and analysis of their needs in Turkey

The aim of this study is to identify the problems and needs of climate and environmental migrants in Turkey before, during and after migration. The study used multiple case studies based on qualitative research methods. The study group consists of a total of 106 individuals, including 63 individuals who migrated due to earthquakes, dam projects, and floods, and 43 individuals working in municipalities and civil society organizations. The data collection tool consists of two different semi-structured interview forms designed to two main groups. The study was conducted in 16 provinces selected according to the inclusion criteria of each subgroup. The data obtained in the study were processed, after technical arrangements, in the qualitative data analysis programme Maxqda and analysed according to themes, categories and codes. In addition, in order to identify the most prominent needs among the identified needs, the data were subjected to a second analysis. The results obtained from migrant individuals indicate that they face problems such as economic, psychological, emotional, cultural, social, and basic needs not being met during the migration process. Additionally, it was found that migrants have needs related to search and rescue, provision of services, utilization of technological opportunities, coordination, and communication processes during the migration process, in addition to their basic and individual needs. The results obtained from employees working in institutions and organizations indicate that municipalities and non-governmental organisations experience problems in economic and administrative areas and provide support for the individual, logistical, and basic needs of the groups they serve. In the second evaluation, it was found that the needs related to sustaining life and protection are prominent. Based on the research findings, it is recommended to establish social service-oriented support systems for the solution of the problems faced by climate and environmental migrants in meeting their needs. With such services, a comprehensive support network can be created to solve the needs of migrants based on their problems, which can ensure that their economic, psychological, cultural and social needs are met more effectively.