Protection and improvement of human rights in areas of armed conflict in terms of international lawin the period after September 11: Afghanistan example

Afghanistan has a very important place among the countries of the world with its history and culture. Due to its geopolitical location, it has been occupied by many countries, especially England, in history. However, due to its mountainous and rugged structure, it was very difficult to control the occupations. Another important point is that its population has a very heterogeneous structure. At the same time, this heterogeneous population continues to live in tribes and tribes. Thus, it became very difficult for the occupying state to dominate Afghanistan. This situation has also caused countries to implement harsh policies in armed conflicts. Afghanistan has also been exposed to many civil wars arising from this complex structure. Due to the increasing number of armed conflicts in the world, the effectiveness and deterrence of international law has become a highly debated issue. International law of war not only prevents states from declaring war against each other, but also ensures that possible armed conflicts occur within a certain legal framework. Historically, these laws and norms have been protected by the Geneva Convention. However, serious human rights violations are committed in many areas of armed conflict due to both the inadequacy of international law and the structure of the UN. In this study, the US intervention in Afghanistan after the September 11 attack was examined. The September 11 attack, which is a very important development in world history, was carried out by the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization. Since this date, the fight against terrorism has gained a very different dimension throughout the world. Although the main aim of the USA is to destroy terrorism and its extensions in Afghanistan, many people, especially civilians, have been subjected to very bad treatment. The principle of distinguishing between civilians, one of the most subjective principles of the law of war, has been complied with. Many civilians, children and women lost their lives in this war. Another important principle, the principle of not causing unnecessary suffering, has been violated as a result of the use of weapons of mass destruction and chemical weapons. At the same time, there is a violation of the right to life as a result of mistreatment of prisoners. The USA did not comply with international law norms and violated many rights during the intervention in Afghanistan. The USA left a lot of ruins behind in 2020 and left the administration to the Taliban. The main purpose of this study is to bring these left behind human rights violations and violations of international law to the international literature.