The effects of long-time underwater rugby training on serum paraoxonase enzymes and the role of PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms

The aim of this study was to compare a well-trained male athlete group (AG, 21.7±4.2 age, n=42) with a control group (CG, 23.9±3.2 age, n=43) and to study the effects of long-time underwater rugby training (LUWRT) on serum paroxonase enzymes and the role of PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms. Postprandial blood examples were used to determine levels of protein levels of PON1, PON2 and PON3 and oxidised LDL (oxLDL) (were determined by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, ELISA method), nitric oxide (NO) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, PON1 enzyme (PON1EA), salt-stimulated PON1 (SSPON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activities and PON1-Q192R, PON1-L55M and PON2-A148G, PON2-S311C and NOS3 intron 4a/b polymorphisms (were determined from genomic DNA samples). All AG's PON3 (p=0.000), mostly (genotype or other) groups oxLDL (p=0.000) and TBARS (p=0.013) values were higher than the CG. The PON1 and PON2 levels of the G carriers (Gc) of athletes at PON2-A148G were significantly higher (p=0.016, p=0.010) than the CG, which was related to the specified polymorphism. The PON1EA of QQ group at PON1-Q192R was higher than the CG (p=0.005). The AREST activity of Rc at PON1-Q192R (p=0.005) and LL group (p=0.002) at PON1-L55M were significantly lower than the CG, which were related to the specified polymorphisms. It has no significantly differences between the groups for NO, the role of NO's polymorphism wasn't found in the results. In control groups: at PON2-A148G, the PON2 level of AA group was higher than the Gc, the ARE activity of LL group at PON1-L55M was higher than the Mc, the basal high density lipoprotein level cholesterol (HDL-C) of CC group at PON2-S311C was higher than in the Sc. Results; LUWRT a) causes significant oxidative stress and the primarly antioxidant response to this is an increase in PON3 levels, b) leads to increase of PON2 and the PON1EA and the decrease of ARE activity, could be related to the specified polymorphism. The differences in basal blood PON2, HDL-C and AREST activity may be related to the stated polymorphisms.