Effects of organic fertilizers and bacterial isolates on yield, quality, and growth parameters of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.) grown under van ecological conditions

The thesis study was conducted in the experimental field of the Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, in 2021, 2022, and 2023. In the study, two harvests were obtained each year, and organic fertilizers (control (Og0), vermicompost (Og1), farmyard manure (Og2), and humic acid (Og3)) were applied to the main plots, while biological fertilizers (control (Bg0), phosphate solubilizing: Bacillus megaterium (Bg1), nitrogen-fixing: Azospirillum lipoferum (Bg2), and bacterial mixture: Lactobacillus casei, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactococcus lactis (Bg3)) were applied to the subplots. As a result of the study, for the years 2022 and 2023, respectively, the green herb yield ranged from 534.80-1742.53 kg/da and 453.23-2322.13 kg/da, dry herb yield ranged from 165.76-441.28 kg/da and 155.54-585.90 kg/da, dry leaf yield ranged from 135.29-285.65 kg/da and 104.11-405.24 kg/da, dry matter yield ranged from 214.99-525.00 kg/da and 84.11-428.26 kg/da, essential oil content ranged from 1.33%-2.33% and 2.00%-4.17%, and essential oil yield ranged from 1.31-5.40 L/da and 3.12-9.49 L/da. According to GC/MS analysis, the most important volatile oil components were identified as Beta thujone, alpha thujone, 1,8- cineole, and camphor. The study results highlighted the prominence of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial applications from biofertilizers. In organic fertilizer applications, increases in yield parameters were observed compared to the control group. Effective results were obtained from combinations of organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer applications, particularly with vermicompost and humic acid combined with nitrogen-fixing and phosphorus-solubilizing bacterial applications