17. yüzyıl ile 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreği arasındaki İzmir kent içi konaklama yapıları özelinde konaklama yapılarının tarihsel evrimi

ABSTRACT For ages, the act of traveling that has been realized in different ways due to the changing commercial, religious, militaristic, or touristic reasons, take place among the fundamental activities of humanbeings. The hostelry buildings, which have been established in order to encounter the varied necessities of those who travel, and which have developed within the framework of the specific conditions of the periods the civilizations belong to, constitute an important group of buildings in every period. In Anatolia, where, owing to the connection provided between Asia and Europe, the busy circulation routes pass through, and in its close surroundings that Anatolia is interactively involved with, it is possible to monitor the evolution of hostelry buildings within a considerably long period of historical process. These buildings have functioned as hostelry buildings as katagogions in Antique Era, xenedokions, "ksenodokhion"s, in the time of the Byzantine, and finally as ribats, caravansaries and khans in cultures of Asian-Turkish and the Seljuks. For centuries, they have provided for the support required to sustain the commercial, religious and militaristic activities at cities and all along the roads. In the Ottoman Era, the caravansaries and khans have taken over the function of lodging for a long period of time. These buildings, which are especially organized in accordance to the requirements of caravan trade, were used for travels of Pilgrimage as well as of militaristic purposes. As for the period of Westernization Period in the 19th Century, there has been a transformation experienced in hostelry architecture and hotels have emerged in this period. Parallel to the development of tourism during the Republican Period, these buildings have also become varied and the number of establishments such as hotels, motels or holiday resorts have shown a rapid increase.m The evolution process of hostelry buildings in the West is important for the fact that modernization of such type of buildings in question, have been initiated in this region. The service of lodging offered by monasteries in the West during the early periods have, in later times, been replaced by guest-houses and inns. Then, starting with the 18th Century, hotels which serve by a new kind of understanding have been put on the agenda. This development, constituting a turning point in terms of the understanding and architecture of lodging, has also been reflected in the large cities of the Ottoman Empire as Istanbul and İzmir. The inner-city hostelries of Izmir dated to the period between the 17th Century and the first quarter of the 20th Century, are worth to be analyzed owing to their architectural characteristics on one hand, and to the capability of highlighting the evolution process of this type of building in the Ottoman Empire, on the other. These buildings have developed to be consistent with the conditions of the city they have taken place within. It can, thus, be observed that these buildings have been changed according to the social, economical and urban conditions. The progress of İzmir in the period starting with the 17th Century, until the first quarter of the 20th Century, can be analyzed in two periods, with the first one as to comprise the 17th and 18th Centuries, and the second as to start with the 19th Century and end in the first quarter of the 20th Century. It is possible to place the different stages of these hostelry buildings within the two periods of different characteristics. Whereas in the first period, "khans" have served as hostelry buildings, in the second period, they have been replaced by hotels of a new understanding. However, this transformation from khans into hotels has not been realized at once, but rather in a much complex manner in terms of concepts, architecture, function etc. The majority of inner-city historical hostelries of Izmir could not be able to reach the current day. At present, most of those that still exist have lost their original functions and been damaged. It is required that khans as the over-damaged group of buildings, should be subject to conscious applications of conservation as soon asIV possible. As for the historical hotels, regarding the aim that they can be passed on to the future as the first examples of the city hotels on one hand, and that the position of İzmir within the specific evolution process of hostelry buildings can be exposed, it is considerably important to restore them as to keep their original architectural characteristics and function.