The impressionism movement in the 19th century and its relationship with photograph

The industrial revolution experienced in the 19th century in Europe has caused technologic, economic and social changes in European countries. Every fields of art and therefore the pictorial art have been impressed from the changes in the West. Primarily, the subjects of pictorial art , techniques and form of it have undergone change and have started to reach large number of people. Camera Obscura , which is known as a black box and of which history goes to 4th century , is a device that has been revealed at the result of long scientific efforts. Photograph which has been emerged by the facilities of Camera Obscura has become and important component of industrial revolution. At fist, the blurriness of vision, long posing and diaphragm mechanism have made photograph insufficient for efficient use. At the consequence of efforts in physics and chemistry science, especially, the posing time has shortened and the usage of photograph has become widespread as the sensitivity to light increased. The technical developments in photograph have had a revolutionary quality. Having a large area of usage and being accepted by a lot of fields, photograph has made visual records spread more and more people. However, photograph which was introduced to the world by Louse Mande Eugene Daguerre and which is a product of visual record has first been perceived as a threat by painters. The main anxiety of the painters has been 20-30 minutes posing time recording the vision realistically in a short time never been before. But later on, pictorial art has made use of this invention. So, picture and photograph have started to cooperate. Pictorial art has developed new ways of expression by being affected by the technological developments of photograph. Impressionism movement which initially started in and vicinity of France has stamped that period with an impressionist picture exhibition which was opened by a group of painters in Nadar's studio. Among the impressionist artists, some artists such as Claude Monet, Degas Alfred Sisley, Camilla Pissaro and Manet have led the impressionist period. The most important factor for impressionist artists is the sun (light). Their aim is to picture the instant light changes in open air with big brush touches. The subjects of the pictures have been taken over as crowded city sights and sights of streets and landscapes. That photograph records daily life in details and that impressionist artists the new style on their canvas have been thought different also this has been a subject of criticism by academic environment. When it has been looked at the relationship of photograph with picture, photograph has not interrupted pictorial art. On the contrary, it has carried picture to a new dimension. In impressionist period, photograph has been used as an auxiliary factor when there is a shortage in rough copy, model and image inventory. Thus, the idea ' Is photograph an art?' has started to be lightened. Photograph and the relationship of picture and photograph which started with Camera Obscura and whicw have been used since the Rennaissance Period have been reached a different dimension by impressionist artists who used photograph. As for the following periods, The Pictorialist Art Movement in the art of photograph has become a process in which the composition rules of picture has been transferred. In this manner, the visual expression of photograph has flourished.