2008/2009 küresel krizinin refah devletlerinde sosyal harcamalar üzerine etkisi

Especially after the 1980s with the fall of the Berlin Wall, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the dissolution of the Eastern Bloc, the advancing technological developments, and the acceleration of the capital transition among the countries, the world has been globalized and thus, the financial management of the countries has been exposed to the effects of this globalized world because this process has triggered the passivity and the negative impacts of a crisis being experienced in any country. As a result of this trend, the regional crisis has transformed into a global crisis easily. Having intense negative effects on the markets, the crisis, which can spread like an epidemic disease has deteriorated the countries' financial situations, particularly by reducing the purchasing power of households. As the main purpose of the welfare state is to protect its citizen from economic hardness by using social expenditures, the government's financial burden has had an ascending trend due to the increase in the social spending during a crisis. So, it can be said that one of the major problems of the crisis-time governments is to raise the social spending to decrease the household financial burden. According to literature, while the expenditures for education, health, and social protection are the main sources of social expenditures, it is observed that most of the expenditures are concentrated on the social protection spending and particularly, there has been an increase in spending on the family and unemployment expenditures because of increased unemployment levels due to the crisis negative financial circumstances. Although there are many regional and global crises in history, the 1929 crisis is defined as the most severe economic hardness because it caused detrimental damage to the household's economic situation. When the recent history is examined, the 2008/2009 global crisis can be seen as the most important economic event as it reminds the economic collapse of the 1929 crisis to the countries. Because of the mentioned fact, the economic effects of this crisis will be addressed in this study; especially a detailed explanation and insight on the effects of the 2008/2009 global crisis on social expenditures will be provided. Furthermore, the direction of these effects will be analyzed by the different years' figures of the selected welfare states, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development member states, and the European Union member countries in the pre-crisis period (2000-2007), during the crisis period (2008-2009), and the post-crisis period (2010-2016). Although there are many divisions of the welfare states, the study will examine the countries according to welfare states classification of Esping-Anderson (1990) because his separation is known as the main source in the literature. Moreover, the importance of the social policies during the crisis periods will be emphasized in this study. Thus, during the crisis, social expenditures are determined as the key policy tool used by the states, in order to eliminate the adverse consequences of the financial downturn. The timing and variety of the fiscal policies focused on social expenditures and applied during the crisis period are defined as the important factors for getting out of the crisis. Also, the study specifies that nearly all the states, whether classified in the same welfare states groups or not, decreased their general government expenditures during the crisis periods but they had to increase their social spending, especially the social protection expenditures. As for the common direction of these expenditures among the same groups of the welfare states, the examination does not specifically define a distinction among these welfare states groups, because every country in the same division was affected by the crisis at a different level depending on its fiscal space. However, increased social expenditures during the 2008/2009 global crisis period could not go back to the pre-crisis level in many countries.