Abbasids the first in the period in Bagdat political and social situation (145-232/762-847)

Baghdad was built on the west bank of the Tigris River between 145-149/762-766 by Abu Ja'far al-Mansūr, the second caliph of the Abbasids and the man who institutionally established the state. Baghdad was built with an urban planning that is unprecedented in Muslim history, and all streets and avenues were carefully shaped. The city was declared the capital of the state after the completion of the establishment process. During the establishment phase of this city, which is understood to have a very perfect zoning plan according to its age, competent professionals were invited and their ideas and experiences were utilized. As far as we have examined in our thesis, serious problems, which we can call some political and social events, were encountered in Baghdad in the first century of the Abbasids. These problems, which we believe created large-scale political and social unrest, were tried to be solved by the state authorities, especially the caliph. In this context, caliph Mu'tasım moved the capital of the state from Baghdad to the city of Samarra, which he had founded himself. Although Samarra served as the capital of the Abbasid State for 57 years, Baghdad remained the most important religious, political, economic, social and cultural center of the Islamic world until the Mongol invasion and destruction in 656/1258. However, after this invasion and destruction, the city never regained its former glory. We hope that we have contributed to the history of Islamic culture and civilization by evaluating the political and social situation of Baghdad between 145-232/762-847. Keywords: Abbasids, Baghdad, Caliph al-Mansûr, Caliphs Political and Social Life