The role of lif in the etiology of abnormal uterine bleeding

AIM: The study aimed to determine if patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB); the determination of Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) expression levels in the etiology of the bleeding and the determination of their relationship with progesterone receptor (PR) and comparison of them according to their premalignant and benign characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out on July 2019 / July 2020, together with Bursa Uludağ University Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Histology and Embryology Department, and Medical Pathology Department. Applying with the AUK complaint, patients who required endometrial sampling after evaluation were included in the study. Two out of 52 patients had unspecified hormone use and, two patients were excluded because they were not expressed in PCR analysis. Patients with malignant, premalignant, and malignant potential were included in Group-1 (AUK-M), and patients with benign characteristics were included in Group-2. For subgroup analysis, patients included in Group-2 and AUK-Polyp (AUK-P), AUK-Adenomyosis (AUK-A), AUK-Leiomyoma (AUK-L), AUK-Ovulatory disorders (AUK-O), and AUK- 5 separate subgroups were created as endometrial causes (AUK-E). There were 8 patients in Group-1 and 40 patients in Group-2. LIF and PR gene expressions were evaluated by real-time PCR in the tissue samples taken. The gene expressions of the groups were compared. RESULTS: When both groups' LIF and PR expression levels were compared, no statistically significant difference was found between them. When the LIF and PR expression levels were evaluated among the subgroups, no statistically significant result was obtained. When the groups were evaluated in terms of LIF and PR expression levels and serum E2, PRG, FSH, and LH levels, a statistically significant inverse relationship was found between LIF and PRG in Group-1 (AUK-M). There was also a significant inverse relationship between LIF and PRG in AUK-P. A statistically significant correlation was found in the same direction between LIF and serum E2 in the AUK-A group, and in the same direction between LIF and serum PRG in the AUK-L group. CONCLUSİONS: The reason for the lack of significant difference between gene expression levels; The evaluation of hyperplasia and premalignant lesions in the same group, and the effects of accompanying post-receptor mechanisms. Considering the relationships between variables in the subgroups, it was concluded that LIF and PR have an intricate role in etiopathogenesis, and clarification of the mechanisms may be necessary for the follow-up and treatment of benign patients.