Investigation of the possibilities of using trap crops in the control of broomrape, which is a problem in greenhouse tomato cultivation in Antalya province

Broomrape (Phelipanche ramosa / Phelipanche aegyptiaca) is a parasitic weed that causes yield and quality losses in tomatoes. Although mechanical, physical, chemical and biological control methods are used, none of them is sufficient. The different trap crops are used to reduce the broomrape population. In this thesis, broomrape densities were determined by survey studies in the tomato greenhouses of Elmalı, Kaş (Antalya) and Çavdır (Burdur) districts where broomrape is a problem. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oat (Avena sativa L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as trap plants were investigated.The trials were carried out in 4 stages as petri, hydroponic, pot and field trials. For petri experiments, trap crops root exudates applied to the broomrape seeds and the seed germination rates were determined. In hydroponic experiments, trap plants and tomatoes were placed in mini rhizosphere and grown under controlled conditions for 21 days. Germinated seed and tubercle were counted. In the pot trials, trap crops were grown in the broomrape contaminated soil before planting tomatoes. The number of broomrape branch and tomato plant height parameters were taken after the broomrape emergence. The field trial was established in a randomized completed block trial design with 3 replications in a broomrape contaminated greenhouse located in Akçay village of Elmalı district . Trap plants were mixed into the soil 50 days after planting in the plots, and then tomatoes were planted in the same plots. The first observations were made 15 days after the broomrape was seen and 5 observations were taken at 15-day intervals.. In survey studies, surveys were carried out in a total of 11.4 ha in 47 greenhouses, and broomrape (P. aegyptiaca and P. ramosa) were found in a total of 30 greenhouses and 8.0 hectares of area.The incidence was 63.82%. General coverage 13.44%, the special coverage area was 21.06%. The average density of the broomrape in the 3 districts was 20.71 plant/m². The highest germination rate was obtained from flax (51.75%) and barley root exudates (40.25%), respectively in petri trials. In the hydroponic trial, the most germination rate obtained from flax (59.83%.) There was no statistical difference between other crops. In addition, in this experiment, it was observed that none of them were hosts of broomrape, since tubercles did not form on the roots of other plants except tomatoes. In the pot experiment, the flax showed the highest effect by reducing the number of broomrape shoot by 74.2%, followed barley by 40.6%. In the field trial, no significant effect of trap plants on broomrape was detected. It is thought that this was due to the fact that the experiment was conducted one year and the amount of exudate needed to stimulate germination did not accumulate in the soil. As a result, it is predicted that using of flax or barley as a trap plant several years consequently in tomato growing areas where there is a broomrape problem may be effective in reducing the amount of broomrape seed bank in the soil.