Water-yield relations, crop water use and crop coefficients of quinoa grown under lysimeter conditions in Antalya

This study aimed to determine the water-yield relationships of quinoa plant grown in Antalya conditions, plant water consumption and plant coefficients for different developmental periods. The research was carried out using the Q-52 quinoa variety between March and June, 2017, in the lysimeter system established in the Research and Application Area of the Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University. In the study, the full irrigation (TS), 75% deficit irrigation (KS75), 50% deficit irrigation (KS50), 25% deficit irrigation (KS25) and rainfed (SZ) were considered as randomized blocks trial design in three replications. While irrigation water was applied to the TS area to bring it to the field capacity every 7 days, deficit irrigations were applied to the irrigation areas at a limited rate. The plant water consumption (ET) values obtained from the TS and the daily reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) values calculated by the REF-ET computer software were used when the plant coefficients factor (Kc) for the growth periods of the kinoa plant were determined. According to the results of the research, the plant water consumptions values were determined that changed between 302.0-198.2 mm, and different deficit irrigation levels of quinoa yields were found statistically different, grain yields decreased significantly in comparison with TS in Antalya. Grain yield of the quinoa varied from 243.0-295.2 kg da-1 at different levels of irrigation. The plant water consumption for TS was determined that the kinoa plant consumed 302.0 mm water during the growing season. Statistically differences for grain yield, plant height, stomatal conductance and leaf chlorophyll content were observed significant differences, which are indicative of the physical parameters brought about by different irrigation levels during the growing season. However, it was determined that there is no statistical difference in the levels of fatty acids and protein content in quinoa seeds at different irrigation levels, only eicosenoic acid content varies statistically different depending on the irrigation levels and eicosenoic acid content in the quinoa seeds increases depend on the amount of applied irrigation water. Highest eicosenoic acid content was obtained in the SZ. It was determined that the initial, development, mid-season and ripening periods of kinoa plant in Antalya conditions were 30, 37, 14 and 15 days respectively, and total development period is 108 days. Plant coefficient factor (Kc) values for initial, mid-season and yield formation (ripening) periods, were 0.54, 1.13 and 0.79, respectively. In addition, the seasonal plant yield response factor (ky) was determined 0.54.