Investigation of the effects of probiotics on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines in western diet-fed rats

Objective: To investigate the effects of probiotics on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory adipokine levels in rats fed on a high-calorie Western Diet (WD). Material-Method: A total of 40 male wistar albino rats (5-6 weeks old) were used in the study. Animals in the control (K) group were fed a commercial rat diet (Bil-Yem®, 12% fat, 60% carbohydrate and 28% protein: 2700 kcal) while the animals in the control (KP) group were fed on a probiotic supplement (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LbGG)1x109) in addition to the commercial rat diet for 16 weeks. The animals in the experimental group (D) were fed a high-energy western diet (45% fat, 35% carbohydrate 20% protein; 5000 kcal) while the nimals in the experimental (DP) group were fed with a probiotic supplement in addition to WD for 16 weeks. Weights, nasoanal lengths, fasting blood glucose levels of all animals were recorded weekly and body mass indexes (BMI) were calculated. Finally, all animals were sacrificed by puncturing cardiac blood under anesthesia Results: A statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in weights were noticed in animals fed on WD when compared to the K and KP groups. Naso-anal lengths increased in both groups (KP and DP) compared with other groups (F, D) (p<0.05). BMI was significantly high in D group (p<0.05). Blood glucose values increased in the groups fed with WD (p<0.05). TG, Chol and HDL levels were significantly higher in the KP group (p<0.05). TP, ALB, TBIL, DBIL, ALT, ALP and LIP were significantly higher in DP group (p<0.05). Visfatin and SFRP5 levels were highest in the K group (p<0.05). CT-1, IL-10, IL-11, TNF-α and IL-4 levels were highest in the KP group (p<0.05). Adiponectin levels were higher in the D group compared with the DP group (p<0.05). Omentin, Vaspin, IL-6, IL-1β and asprosin levels were higher in the DP group compared with the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Probiotics in addition to WD has positive effects on growth, BMI and adipokines as well as constructs pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance over the adipose tissue.