Biological and chemical analyse of some Salvia (sage) species

Salvia L. genus is member of Lamiaceae family which exists approximately 220 genus and 4000 species on the World. Althought it shows mpst natural distribution in Turkey and mediterranean region on the world, almost it can be grown in all habitat types and heights. Lamiaceae family is represented 46 genus and 586 species in Turkey and about 239 species of them are endemic. Salvia L. genus is represented about 89 species in Turkey and 45 species of them are endemic. Since ancient times, Salvia species have been used in folk medicine in many parts of world. Salvia species are used for treatment of more than sixty diseases such as, colds, bronchitis, tuberculosis, bleedingi menstrual disorders, stomachache, headache, indigestion and heart disorders. Salvia species are also widely used in the cosmetics, food, dye and pharmaceutical industries. İn this study different part of (flowers, leaves, branches, root ant mix of these parts) 8 different Salvia species (Salvia staminea, Salvia macrochlamys, Salvia kronenburgii, Salvia pachystachys, Salvia spinosa, Salvia blepharochlaena, Salvia suffruticosa, Salvia sclarea) were prepared and then ethanol extracts of these 5 parts of each species were prepared. The phenolic and flavonoid contents (determined as pyrocatechol and quercetin equivalents, respectively), antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching assay, CUPRAC methods, ABTS cation radical scavenging) and anticholinesterase activities by Ellman method of these extracts were determined. İn addition quantitative determination of some phenolic and flavonoid compounds by LC-MS/MS and chemometric evaluation of the result were performed. When we look at the most active extracts in antioxidant methods, for DPPH SP-F (IC50:22.52±0.11), for ABTS methods SB-R (IC50: 5.40±0.67), for β-carotene method SSt-R (IC50: 20.49±0.37) and CUPRAC method SB-M (3.291±0.31) extracts were the most active ectracts in the studied methods. İt was found that in total phenolic content SSp-R (283.43±18.83 µg pyrocatechol eqivalent/mg extract) and in total flavonoid content SSf-M extract (53.81±0.39 µg quercetin eqivalent /mg extract) was richest extracts in studied species. When we looked at the anticholinesterase activity results of the species, it was determined that SSp-L extract (81.22±1.67) showed the best activity against BChE. When we look at the LC-MS/MS results of the extracts, it was determined that all the extracts were rich in phenolic compounds and it was determined that they contain especially high amount of rosmarinic acid. When we look at the rich phenolic contents and high antioxidant potantials of the species have the potantial to be food additives. Keywords : Salvia, Antioxidan, Anticholinesterase, LC-MS/MS, Chemometri