Comparative analysis of post-9/11 indigenous defense industry policies, transformation and cooperation: Israel, India and Turkey

After the end of the Cold War military expenditure mostly decreased worldwide. This downward trend has been reversed since the 9/11 terrorist attacks and since then military expenditure have increased globally. This is why, this dissertation concentrates on the analysis of the Defense Industry policies of Israel, India and Turkey. Policies and mutual relations of the great powers', and to say major arms suppliers, have changed by putting priority on combatting terrorism. This immediate shift in the global security structure urged emerging states Israel, India and Turkey to foster their efforts towards self-sufficient defense industries. Threat perception from the hostile neighbors and unreliable arms suppliers, as well as similar political, strategic and economic motives have made these states to restructure and transform their defense industry policies and seek opportunities to cooperate. Their similarities of not being a party to the major international agreements and being located close to states with hegemonic aspirations have made Israel and India more eager and "free", on certain degree, to achieve indigenous defense industries. Turkey, on the other side, has heavily invested in its own indigenous defense industry as well. However, being under the NATO Defense umbrella limits its ability to engage in alternative security and defense industry cooperation. As one size policy doesn't fit all, different internal dynamics shape the defense industrialization policies of the emerging states. Military expenditures, arms supply, joint production initiatives, Research and Development facilities, volumes of arms trade and training and exercising opportunities are main important parameters to analyze and evaluate the trends. This research aims to shed light on different behaviors of similarly motivated states, and tries to compare and contrast dominant hierarchical defense industry system and interstate cooperation dynamics benefiting from: firstly, analytical framework of the Buzan's and Waever's "de-essentialization" and "securitization". Secondly, Buzan's "security complex" and "regional complex". Lastly, Waltz's "structural realism" and the concepts of "anarchy" and "self-help system". This research addresses the question of what motivates in general the Indigenous Defense Industry implementation and interstate cooperation, and how is the hierarchical relation between major suppliers and emerging states since 9/11? As a result of a detailed literature review it is found that, security and defense industry often handled by economics scholars, this research tends to propose the International Relations literature of it.