Republic of Turkey State Production Farms and activities (1950-1985)

Since the beginning of history, agriculture has been an indispensable element for every civilization and every empire in Anatolia, which has been cradle to many civilizations and empires. Each state established in these lands pursued agricultural policies appropriate to their own time and shaped land ownership according to its own circumstances. By shaping the agricultural land of the Ottoman Empire, which utilized the Anatolian lands that it took over from the Seljuks in its own land system, according to the needs of the army, it was aimed to collect the land tax and to meet the military needs. The Grooming System not only prevented the accumulation of capital in the producer sector but also eliminated the formation of the market and in time it was replaced by the iltizam procedure. The multazims, who bought the land income, turned into a form of rent completely by the people who worked for them and the farmer in the position of producer was crushed more. If the idea of private property emerged with the 1858 Land Code, the First World War followed by the World Economic Depression of 1929 immediately led the agricultural sector, which was already in a bad state, to worse scenarios. The newly established Republic of Turkey State officials firstly abolished Aşar Tax which constitutes nearly 25% of as a state income, and this relieved the agricultural sector a bit. In particular, the authorities realized that the main driver of the state economy was agriculture and that the right investments to be made in this area would be revived. And in 1940, by establishing state farms on empty treasury land, they established the Agricultural Combine Administration which was intended to increase agricultural production and to meet the product needs of the country. After the donation of Atatürk's farms to the treasury, it was deemed necessary and beneficial to establish an agricultural state enterprise in order to manage these places together with other farms in accordance with its establishment and to ensure that they proceed as an exemplary enterprise in the way of continuous development. Agricultural Enterprises' was put into practice. State Agricultural Enterprises and Agricultural Combinations were actually two institutions established for similar purposes and carried out their activities until 1950. Agri-Combinators Administration and its beginning to gather all the assets of these two organizations working together in the same goals and subjects in order to make wider and various moves in the way of agricultural development, to form a stronger and more dynamic organization, to stand by farmers and to collect the state works in one hand State Agricultural Enterprises Institution from Atatürk 01.03.1938. The General Directorate of State Farm Farms was formed by merging with the law numbered 5433, which came into force in 1950. In a short period of time, the General Directorate has established 21 farms, one of which is the Central Workshop. Established State Production Farms successfully continued its activities until 1983 in order to meet the needs of dorm farmers, such as seeds, breeding animals, saplings, seedlings, and to educate and teach farmers living in neighbourhood villages. The General Directorate of State Farm Farms established in 1950 and the Hara and Cow households, established before the Republican period in 1300s to meet the horses, meat, milk, wool and similar needs of the Ottoman Palace were able to provide similar services to our country the General Directorate of Agricultural Enterprises was established on 20 may 1983 by merging it with the decree numbered 60. Later, the General Directorate, which was reorganized with the law numbered 233, was assigned to produce the basic goods and services needed by the agricultural and agro-based industries. This study has been prepared to examine the historical process that laid the groundwork for the establishment of State Production Farms and the establishment of farms and their activities until 1985 and their political reflections. Key Words: Grooming, agriculture, Agricultural Combinations, State Agricultural Enterprises, production, State Production Farms, Agricultural Enterprises, 1950-1985 Quantity of Page : 189 Scientific Director : Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz KARDAŞ Abdulaziz KARDAŞ